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François Charles Mauriac (; 11 October 1885 – 1 September 1970) was a French novelist, dramatist, critic, poet, and journalist, a member of the'' Académie française'' (from 1933), and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the ''Légion d'honneur'' in 1958. ==Biography== François Charles Mauriac was born in Bordeaux, France. He studied literature at the University of Bordeaux, graduating in 1905, after which he moved to Paris to prepare for postgraduate study at the École des Chartes. On 1 June 1933 he was elected a member of the ''Académie française'', succeeding Eugène Brieux.〔Cf. (Académie française, ''Les immortels'': ''François Mauriac (1885–1970)'' ) 〕 Mauriac had a bitter dispute with Albert Camus immediately following the liberation of France in World War II. At that time, Camus edited the resistance paper ''Combat'' (thereafter an overt daily, until 1947) while Mauriac wrote a column for ''Le Figaro''. Camus said newly liberated France should purge all Nazi collaborator elements, but Mauriac warned that such disputes should be set aside in the interests of national reconciliation. Mauriac also doubted that justice would be impartial or dispassionate given the emotional turmoil of liberation. Mauriac also had a bitter public dispute with Roger Peyrefitte, who criticised the Vatican in books such as ''Les Clés de saint Pierre'' (1953). Mauriac threatened to resign from the paper he was working with at the time (''L'Express'') if they did not stop carrying advertisements for Peyrefitte's books. The quarrel was exacerbated by the release of the film adaptation of Peyrefitte's ''Les Amitiés Particulières'' and culminated in a virulent open letter by Peyrefitte in which he accused Mauriac of homosexual tendencies and called him a "Tartuffe". Mauriac was opposed to French rule in Vietnam, and strongly condemned the use of torture by the French army in Algeria. In 1952 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life".〔Cf. (The Nobel Foundation, ''The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952: François Mauriac'' ) 〕 He was awarded the Grand Cross of the ''Légion d'honneur'' in 1958.〔Cf. (Académie française, ''Les immortels'': ''François Mauriac (1885–1970)'' ) 〕 He published a series of personal memoirs and a biography of Charles de Gaulle. Mauriac's complete works were published in twelve volumes between 1950 and 1956. He encouraged Elie Wiesel to write about his experiences as a Jew during the Holocaust, and wrote the foreword to Elie Wiesel's book ''Night''. He was the father of writer Claude Mauriac and grandfather of Anne Wiazemsky, a French actress and author who worked with and married French director Jean-Luc Godard. François Mauriac died in Paris on 1 September 1970 and was interred in the Cimetière de Vemars, Val d'Oise, France. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「François Mauriac」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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